Indicator 5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions

Indicator 5.5.2: Proportion of women in managerial positions

Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

International Labour Organization (ILO)

Definition:

This indicator refers to the proportion of females in the total number of persons employed in managerial positions. It is recommended to use two different measures jointly for this indicator: the share of females in (total) management and the share of females in senior and middle management (thus excluding junior management). The joint calculation of these two measures provides information on whether women are more represented in junior management than in senior and middle management, thus pointing to an eventual ceiling for women to access higher-level management positions. In these cases, calculating only the share of women in (total) management would be misleading, in that it would suggest that women hold positions with more decision-making power and responsibilities than they actually do.

Concepts:

- Employment comprises all persons of working age who, during a short reference period (one week), were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit. The difference between the 13^th and 19^th ICLS series for a given country is the operational criteria used to define employment, with two series based on the statistical standards from the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) and the other two series based on 19th ICLS standards. In the 19th ICLS series, employment is defined more narrowly as work done for pay or profit, while activities not done mainly in exchange for remuneration (i.e., own-use production work, volunteer work and unpaid trainee work) are recognized as other forms of work.

- Employment in management is determined according to the categories of the latest version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08), which organizes jobs into a clearly defined set of groups based on the tasks and duties undertaken in the job. For the purpose of this indicator, it is preferable to refer separately to senior and middle management only, and to total management (including junior management). The share of women tends to be higher in junior management than in senior and middle management, so limiting the indicator to a measure including junior management may introduce bias. Senior and middle management correspond to sub-major groups 11, 12 and 13 in ISCO-08 and sub-major groups 11 and 12 in ISCO-88. If statistics are not available disaggregated at the sub-major group level (two-digit level of ISCO), then major group 1 of ISCO-88 and ISCO-08 can be used as a proxy and the indicator would then refer only to total management (including junior management).

Percent (%)

The recommended source for this indicator is a labour force survey or, if not available, other similar types of household surveys, including a module on employment. In the absence of any labour-related household survey, establishment surveys or administrative records may be used to gather information on the female share of employment by the required ISCO groups. In cases where establishment surveys or administrative records are used, the coverage is likely to be limited to formal enterprises or enterprises of a certain size. Information on the enterprises covered should be provided with the figures. When comparing figures across years, any changes in the versions of ISCO that are used should be taken into account.

National statistical offices

This indicator's main limitation is that it does not reflect differences in the levels of responsibility of women in these high- and middle-level positions or the characteristics of the enterprises and organizations in which they are employed. Its quality is also heavily dependent on the reliability of the employment statistics by occupation at the ISCO two-digit level.

• Using ISCO-08:

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}=\mathrm{\ }\frac{(\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1-\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }14)}{(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1\mathrm{\ }-\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }14)}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

Which can be also expressed as:

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}=\mathrm{\ }\frac{(\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }11+\mathrm{\ }12+13)}{(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }11+12+13)}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

And

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}=\mathrm{\ }\frac{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1}{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }08\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

• Using ISCO-88:

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}:=\mathrm{\ }\frac{(\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1\mathrm{\ }–\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }13)}{(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1\mathrm{\ }-\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }13)}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

Which can also be expressed as:

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}:=\mathrm{\ }\frac{(\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }11+12)}{(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }11+12)}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

And

$\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{w}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{p}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}:=\mathrm{\ }\frac{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1}{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{\ }88\mathrm{\ }\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{\ }1}\mathrm{\ }\times 100$

2024-08-02

International Labour Organization (ILO)

8.5.1